4.6 德国博物馆｜German Museums Series

为什么欧洲城市广场几乎都有一座喷泉？本文以纽伦堡日耳曼国家博物馆馆藏为线索，从美泉、修道院水槽、墙泉、陶制水管等文物出发，探讨欧洲公共供水的发展，以及修道院如何保存中世纪水利技术，并与中国古井文化进行比较，重新理解喷泉、城市与共同生活之间的关系。 Why do European cities always have fountains? Discover how Nuremberg's Germanisches Nationalmuseum reveals the history of public water culture, medieval monasteries, and urban life through fountains, wells, and water systems.

德国纽伦堡日耳曼国家博物馆收藏的青铜时代黄金帽，不仅展现欧洲三千年前精湛的金工技术，也引发一个跨文明的问题：为什么欧洲、三星堆与楚国都选择黄金作为神圣、祭祀与权力的象征？本文从黄金帽出发，探讨黄金如何从一种材料，成为人类文明表达神圣的重要媒介。 Discover the Bronze Age Gold Hat at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg and explore why gold first became a symbol of the sacred rather than wealth. Comparing Bronze Age Europe, Sanxingdui, and the Chu State, this article examines how gold expressed ritual, authority, and religious belief across different civilizations.

1492年完成的贝海姆地球仪，是现存最古老的地球仪之一，也记录了欧洲如何逐步想像世界。本文从贝海姆地球仪出发，探讨哥伦布时代的世界观、马可·波罗、神话与地图、葡萄牙航海、全球贸易，以及地图如何推动世界连接，并与楚国依江河建立的交通体系进行比较，思考不同文明如何理解远方、连接世界。 Completed in 1492, the Behaim Globe is the world's oldest surviving terrestrial globe and a remarkable record of how Europeans imagined the world before the discovery of the Americas. This article explores the Behaim Globe, Marco Polo's influence, myth and cartography, Portuguese exploration, global trade, and the emergence of an interconnected world, while comparing Europe's maritime worldview with the river-based transportation system of the ancient Chu civilization to examine how different civilizations understood and connected distant places.

走进纽伦堡日耳曼国家博物馆科学仪器展厅，从太阳象限仪、天球仪、日晷、地球仪到望远镜，探索欧洲如何逐步建立现代科学。并结合楚帛书、武王墩木尺、九店楚简、清华简《算表》与鄂君启金节，比较欧洲与楚文明两条不同的测量世界之路。 Explore scientific instruments at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg and compare European measurement traditions with the astronomical, mathematical and administrative knowledge of the ancient Chu civilization.

从纽伦堡中世纪家族荣誉盾牌出发，理解德国家徽文化、教堂中的家族记忆、社会荣誉与身份制度。文章介绍 Totenschild 的功能、完整纹章、委托制作、木材与皮革、银箔与颜料、树轮年代学、放射性碳定年及历代修复，并结合我在广西与湖北江夏寻根、阅读黄氏族谱和参访宗祠的经历，比较德国教堂家徽与中国姓氏、郡望、堂号、族谱、祠堂、牌位及匾额如何保存祖先与家族记忆。 Through Nuremberg’s late medieval family memorial shields, this article explores German heraldry, church-based family memory, social honour, craftsmanship, scientific dating, and conservation. It explains the function and construction of Totenschilde, including coats of arms, helmets, leather, silver leaf, pigments, dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating, and later restorations. The article also compares German memorial shields and church heraldry with Chinese surnames, ancestral halls, genealogies, clan names, ancestral tablets, portraits, and commemorative plaques, drawing on my own journey to trace the Huang family lineage in Guangxi and Jiangxia.