《清华简〈子仪〉｜未盟之盟：囚徒楚使的辞令博弈》
清华简《子仪》记录了春秋时期最戏剧化的一场外交反转：秦穆公在战败后，以礼设局、以乐试心，将被长期囚禁的楚国重臣子仪押入主场；而子仪却在受限的条件中，以和歌重写对方的叙事，以寓言拆解秦国的逼问，完成一次“以不落子取胜”的战略示范。本文从“礼”“辞”“谋”三层结构解析这场会盟，不以战力，而以语法、节奏与判断力，呈现楚式外交的智性美学。The Tsinghua bamboo manuscript Ziyi preserves one of the most remarkable diplomatic reversals of the Spring and Autumn era. After his defeat, Duke Mu of Qin staged a full ceremonial display to test and win over Ziyi—an elite Chu noble who had long been held as a prisoner. Yet within this imposed framework, Ziyi reclaimed initiative through musical counter-speech and a triad of fables that dismantled Qin’s demands. This essay analyzes the episode through “ritual,” “speech,” and “strategy,” revealing how Chu diplomacy mastered the art of winning by not placing a single stone on the board.